Andrew Carnegie A Captain Of Industry Free Essays

Numerous industrialists in the overlaid age were somewhere in between a looter aristocrat or a commander of industry. Of these industrialists was an amazingly achievement valuable agent Andrew Carnegie. Andrew could be contended on the two sides of the issue. We will compose a custom exposition test on Andrew Carnegie A Captain Of Industry or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Carnegie formed his steel creation business to #1 on the planet, he sold it a ND utilized the cash towards numerous foundation associations. I accept that Andrew Carnegie e was a commander of industry since he committed his life to helping society with open exercises and gave in excess of 100 million dollars to schools, libraries, a d through a few different gifts. He formed industrialization as well as the United s tastes. Individuals accept that Andrew Carnegie was a burglar nobleman since he was conniving, narrow minded, and left laborers in deadly work environments with low wages . Andrew put his representatives in unsafe workplaces with not exactly safe gear NT. Wounds happened regularly in Carnegie;s business from detonating iron, flares, and slang. It was difficult for the laborers to be caution and prepared with just two or three hours of rest and a work SSH attack of twelve. Alongside the methods risky work conditions they needed to live off low compensation. Carnegie likewise double-crossed one of his nearest business companions Henry Fricke by three tatting him to sell his stock in the steel business for inexpensively. Many accept that Andrew Carnegie deceived his laborers as well as his companions. Albeit many will emphatically pundit Andrew Carnegie as a Robber Baron consider h to be perhaps the best chief Of industry. Carnegie utilized his â€Å"last days† serve Eng others by building libraries, schools, and giving gifts. â€Å"Carnegie gave endorse emulate 5$ million to the new York open library so it could open a few branches†. What's more, even opened up his own college so he could share his insight and achievement the unpleasant future entrepreneurs. Carnegie put his men through a lot of hardship so they c noisy have the #1 steel business on the planet that would before long sell for in excess of 200 plant Andrew Carnegie did what he needed to do with the goal that he could be fruitful in the overlaid age and lose himself in the administration of others. Carnegie completely changed himself for the beet blunder in his later years. He composed books on being socially liable for the well off and appreciated gathering with different experts from various fields. Carnegie may have lo deed like simply one more snotty,cocky entrepreneur however truly needed to help other people. A drew Carnegie was a chief of industry yet in addition a formed the industrialization by b Ewing a case of savvy work and powerful activities. Taking everything into account, Andrew Carnegie was a splendid businessperson who finished with the best steel plant on the planet. Despite the fact that he rewarded his representatives ineffectively he did it to be fruitful which worked. Carnegie went through the cash from his steel creation n to help other people be fruitful as well. Andrew Carnegie was commander Of industry and had any kind of effect in people groups lives to improve things. The most effective method to refer to Andrew Carnegie A Captain Of Industry, Essays

Prosopagnosias Affect on Daily Life Essay -- Psychology, Mental Healt

In Psychology, there are a wide scope of disarranges, all of which upset a person’s life at different levels. Accordingly, the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is utilized to determine an individual to have a specific issue and decide the degree to which the turmoil influences their capacity to work in the public eye. In any case, the DSM-IV doesn't address the entirety of the scatters that individuals can be bothered with. There are four tomahawks to the DSM-IV: pivot I which considers clinical scatters, hub II sees character issue, hub III analyses intense ailments, hub IV is psychosocial and ecological variables and hub V decides a person’s capacity to work in the public eye. Agnosia is one of the numerous disarranges that can't be grouped under the any of the tomahawks of the DSM-IV despite the fact that it is a cerebrum issue. A particular kind of agnosia that has as of late been vigorously spoken to in the media is prosopagnosia. Prosopagnosia is a strange issue as the etiology is obscure and there is a lot of fluctuation to the confusion by the person. As the degree wherein this issue influences the lives of individuals can't be resolved utilizing common strategies, to what degree does prosopagnosia influence a person’s life? Prosopagnosia is the logical name for what is regularly known as â€Å"face-blindness.† It is a neurological issue described by a person’s absence of capacity to perceive faces (â€Å"Prosopagnosia Information,† 2007). What makes an individual having prosopagnosia not quite the same as an individual who is only â€Å"bad with faces† is that, with prosopagnosia, a shortfall in face acknowledgment within the sight of generally typical article acknowledgment exists (Righart and Gelder, 2007). This implies an individual with prosopagnosia can't perceive... ...Prosopagnosia and PET Study of Normal Subjects [and Discussion]. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences. (pp. 55-62). Vol. 335. Imperial Society. Shearer, D., and Peter M. (1996). Impact of Facial Familiarity and Task Requirement on Electrodermal Activity. The American Journal of Psychology (pp. 131-37). Vol. 109. College of Illinois. Reenactment of Talking Faces in the Human Brain Improves Auditory Speech Rocognition. (2008) Procedures of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (pp. 6747-6752). Ed. Dale Purves. Vol. 105. National Academy of Sciences. Melody, S. (2006). Do I Know You? Time. Weingarten, G. (2008). Losing Face. The Washington Post. Youthful, An., and Perrett, D. (1992). â€Å"Face Recognition Impairments [and Discussion].† Philisophical Transactions: Biological Sciences. (pp. 47-54) Vol. 335. Imperial Society.

Academic excellence guarantee successful life Essay

These days scholastic greatness among the youthful is given a lot of significance. While it is entirely worthy to endeavor to accomplish great scholastic outcomes, the thought that solitary scholarly greatness ensures an effective life isn't accurate. Understudies are constrained into taking a bigger number of subjects than they can deal with and this causes colossal weight among our young. The inquiry is would this be able to try totally affirm a powerful future? I differ that scholastic greatness ensure our fruitful life. This is on the grounds that without scholarly greatness, individuals despite everything can accomplishment in their life. With business likewise human can achievement. For instance Bill Gates is the main originator of Microsoft in working framework PC. With make of the Microsoft PC and sell it he can turn into an effective specialist. Other than that, individuals can accomplishment with through utilize their ability that they have. For instance, Dato’ Siti Nurhaliza our first vocalist in Malaysia become accomplishment with just utilize her ability without have scholastic greatness. From nothing, become well known and accomplishment as we probably am aware and see now. Other than as a vocalist, she likewise have own organization. She likewise be the represetative of magnificence item. At long last, somebody additionally can effective in existence without high instruction through family foundation. For instance somebody that conceived of riches families, that have own organization. Without greatness scholastic around this line of business can even now prevail as long as possible in great administration. Through family-claimed business additionally somebody despite everything can achievement in their life. By and large, not really without scholarly greatness an individual can’t achievement in their life. That has other way somebody can accomplishment without scholarly greatness, for example, through talent,business or with foundation family.

Passenger Satisfaction Survey free essay sample

Information focus was arrangement at IRITM in 2008. IRITM has a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with IIM Lucknow, for composing Research Papers, Case Studies and absorbing exploration discoveries into extensive occasional reports to be utilized for improving preparing inputs. This is the fourth distribution of the Center. The prior 3 distributions :1. Thoughts on PPP, Dr. Kalpana Dube, Sr. Prof. (Blade. PPP), IRITM Ashish Shukla 2. A Handbook on Project Finance PPP Terminology, Dr. Kalpana Dube, Sr. Prof. (Balance. PPP), IRITM Ankit Tandon 3. Contemplating the Efficacy of an Airport Modernization Concession Agreement, Dr. Kalpana Dube, Sr. Prof. (Blade. PPP), IRITM The above distributions have been generally welcomed by the Railways as well as even outside in the Government, Private Sector and Educational Institutions. Indian Railways is the existence line of the country. It has been instrumental in realizing a social, social and financial unrest in our general public and has been a solid joining together and incorporating power. We will compose a custom paper test on Traveler Satisfaction Survey or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Notwithstanding being an imposing business model in traveler administrations which are exceptionally sponsored, would it be able to bear to have a disappointed client? To keep the country moving and the clients cheerful, our net social help commitments in 2010-11 comprised 17. 57% of absolute use. Investigation of benefit of Coaching Services indicated lost 21,324 crores to which net rural misfortunes in Chennai, Kolkatta and Mumbai contributed Rs. 2364 crores. Different components have additionally quickened the circumstance which incorporate low below average conventional charges non rural suburbanites and concession in admission reached out to different classes. No other vehicle area today is offering rates which could contend with the Railways. Regardless of such a large amount of exertion in the event that we are as yet unfit to keep our Customer fulfilled there positively is by all accounts some correspondence hole among us and the Customer. So as to asses that hole IRITM led a â€Å"Passenger Satisfaction Survey† on the Northern, North Central and North Eastern Railway, the aftereffect of which are summed up in the distribution. We trust the outcomes would permit us the Railway staff to introspect about our â€Å"Customer Demand† and start us to give a superior assistance and be increasingly vocal in demonstrating our anxiety for keeping our Customer Happy. Ashima Singh Director IRITM Lucknow July 2012 FOREWORD Passenger Amenities and arrangement of certain basic just as alluring highlights on Railway stations just as ready train benefits consistently connect with the consideration of strategy creators in the Railway Board just as the Field Officers during the Zones and Divisions. The ground level situation at significant stations in the nation contrasts regarding extension just as its apparent convenience by the Railway Passengers. The current overview was intended to get an exhaustive criticism on 37 diverse help parameters identified with traveler comforts and station offices. While the target evaluation fields were promptly reacted to by most travelers the open finished inquiries didn't inspire itemized answers and were spur of the moment. The discernment hole between Passenger reactions and Railway Officers’ reactions additionally featured some fascinating contrasts. Enlightenment at Stations, Signage and Clarity of Train Announcements and Booking Counter experience have truly ideal reactions. The inadequacy regions which were generally provided details regarding were neatness on stages and train toilets, late running of trains just as unapproved individuals in compartments. What must be underscored here is that none of these territories really require capital use or ventures or rehashed approach mandates. They simply require vigilantism, dynamic oversight and better coordination among the specialist co-ops inside the different divisions. A standard convention of support, tidiness and management works should be worked upon simply like the different assistance related parameters put in activity at the recently created and modernized air terminals. (It would be ideal if you allude Annexure). This is a standard agenda of administration parameters demanded by Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL). A comparative drill would go far in guaranteeing better administrations on our top notch stations particularly A1, and A classifications. The booklet has been structured in such a way, that traveler reactions can be effectively comprehended through utilization of beautiful illustrations and straightforward information introduction, anyway the bigger inquiry which should be tended to is that would we be able to give station and on board housekeeping administrations which are distinct advantages and way breaking simultaneously? Which mirror a change in perspective in the manner in which Passenger Services are generally being offered by Indian Railways. Maybe the new Station Development Corporation declared as of late may acquaint far reaching developments with drastically modify the current arrangement of tending to Passenger Amenities and general comforts to be made accessible to people in general. The Station Development Corporation has been considered with the essential goal of expanding and improving traveler related courtesies at stations. All the issues featured in the present overview would maybe get tended to if optimizing the exercises of the Station Development office can show obvious early outcomes. The zones of activity being all around structured concourses, top of the line holding up spaces, simple access with handicapped amicable choices for station premises, blockage free stages, current providing food offices and so on. The Report has been made increasingly helpful by including altered forms of the exhaustive, container India Passenger Service Surveys and Station Cleanliness Surveys directed by the CAG (Railways) over the most recent couple of years. Moreover, some extra writing and visuals of world class stations have been added to give a vibe of what the future may resemble in the days to want Passenger Amenities and Services in Modernized Railway Stations. The Report has additionally been validated with distinguishing certain significant exhibition benchmarks, utilizing models from the Aviation Sector. Execution benchmarking and improving client discernment are significant achievements in improving station premises and traveler benefits past the ordinary focuses to the following level. A level which is way breaking and modern in its vision and execution. On the off chance that the agenda of the 37 parameters utilized in this examination just as the discoveries contained in the Audit Reports are perused and appreciated by the Railway officials answerable for these capacities, the reason for the review would be satisfied. Nonetheless, it might be valuable to repeat that station support methods must follow the KISNE standard I. e. Keep It Smart Neat and Efficient. Additionally while we can't offer too much for our clients we should guarantee that what we do guarantee we convey consistently with 100% productivity and Zero Failures. These are feasible in light of the fact that we have a long encounter of overseeing stations and methods are very much spread out. What is maybe required is a settled drill of holding fast to a standard convention of Station and Train Maintenance Practices and not permit the drill to waver in any event, for a day. A very much idea procedure, exactness in execution and applying Six Sigma standards for not going amiss from the Standard Maintenance and Supervision Protocol would go far building up a New Order which is anything but difficult to reproduce and simple to follow. Dr. Kalpana Dube Senior Professor IRITM Lucknow July 2012 The more you connect with clients the more clear things become and the simpler it is to figure out what you ought to do. Destinations of the Passenger Survey Criteria and Methodology Sample Size/Target Respondents Passenger Survey Findings Response by Railway Officers Suggestions for Proactive Action Comparison of General Public Railway Officers’ Response Perception Gap †Between the General Public as Rail Users and Railway Officers as Rail Users Graphical Representation of the Findings Strategy For Promoting Indian Railways Image And Train Travel Experience Some Suggestions Benchmarking Performance Assessment Measures Sub Report One: Sample Service Quality Specifications For Delhi International Airport Ltd. DIAL) Conceptual Background for Railway Stations as Profit Investment Centers Sub Report Two: CAG Recommendations on Passenger Services in Indian Railways 2008-09 Sub Report Three: CAG Recommendations on Cleanliness and Sanitation on Indian Railways 2007-08 Annexure 1: Citizen Charter on Passenger Services of Indian Railways Annexure 2: Questionnaire Used for the Passenger Satisfaction S urvey for IR Performance Service Standards Page No Traveler Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance Standards Objectives of the Passenger Survey †¢ To audit the offices gave to the travelers directly from ticket booking to the on-board travel involvement with the trains To asses if offices gave in trains were satisfactory and successfully kept up or not, from the purpose of Passenger Satisfaction in Station Maintenance Practices. To know the need regions so that these can be fortified to advance traveler fulfillment. To asses the general travel understanding of the travelers in the Indian Railways and their view of the association. †¢ Criteria and Methodology An open finished poll with around 37 parameters was arranged and overview was led with the assistance of three field officials gave by the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Lucknow. The study was led over a time of ten days through direct contact and topping off of the survey by ready travelers of all the Travel Classes (AC, second Sleeper). The courses distinguished for the overview were primarily on the Northern piece of the nation Lucknow New Delhi Lu

LSD :: essays research papers

On October 27, 1906, a kid by the name of Albert Hofmann was born(Albert, 1). This kid would grow up to change the world until the end of time. His exploration would make of subcultures of both the 1970’s and 1990’s. His disclosures would cause both sadness and pleasure. His work in pharmacology brought the world one of the most alarming disclosures of the twentieth century, LSD Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â It was a dull day in July, 1938 when Swiss scientific expert, Albert Hofmann, first found Lysergic Acid Diethylamide(LSD). He was planning to find another circulatory and respiratory energizer, when he unearthed one of the world’s most appalling man-made substances; be that as it may, when this wonder was first tried it had no consequences for the lab creatures, thusly its investigation was ended. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â LSD’s study was restored in 1943, when research showed it might be utilized as treatment for schizophrenia, because of its likeness in structure to Nicatamide, a concoction found in the human mind, which legitimately influences the encounters of a Schizophrenic (DEA,1). On April 16, 1943, while Dr. Hofmann was estimating a new amount of LSD, he unintentionally dosed himself and was overwhelmed with disarray. He was then committed to go home due to “a vibe of mellow wooziness'; and “extreme movement of imagination.';(Discovery, 2) On April 19, 1943, at precisely 4:20 pm, Dr. Albert Hofmann ingested 0.25 mg. of fluid LSD and ventured on the primary deliberate “acid trip.'; Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â In 1947, Dr. Hofmann’s bosses, Sandoz Laboratories, started promoting LSD in Europe. It was brought into the United States a year later. They publicized it “as a solution for everything from schizophrenia to criminal conduct, ‘sexual perversions,’ and alcoholism.';(Henderson/Glass, 40) Sandoz Laboratories encouraged numerous specialists to try different things with LSD to increase further information on encounters which may happen to a Schizophrenic. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The impacts of LSD are totally eccentric. The client as a rule encounters wild emotional episodes and the impression of feeling various feelings without a moment's delay. Hues appear to be increasingly exceptional and objects seem to move in a nearly stroboscopic way. It has likewise been referred to for the client to feel as if they are seeing sounds and hearing hues. On the off chance that an enormous enough portion is taken, the medication may create perceptual fancies and mind flights.

The Last Day at Gymnasium Untergriesbach

The Last Day at Gymnasium Untergriesbach Scott Stephens 14, Materials Science and Engineering, MIT-GermanyGlobal Teaching Labs Program As I write this post, I am sitting in the teachers lounge trying to hold onto the comfort that I have grasped to since my first day at Gymnasium Untergriesbach. Surrounded by excellent teachers, excellent students, and a beautiful school, I have been smiling for three weeks straight. This morning was filled with gathering contact information from my colleagues, teaching my last lesson with a group of delightful high schoolers, and interviewing with a reporter from the newspaper of Passau. But now I find myself alone with my thoughts, reminiscing like an old crow looks back on the time that has flown by. On my first day here, I was more nervous than a CEO about to tell his staff that he had sold the company for a box of oranges. Three weeks later I feel that I am being kicked from the nest without being able to fly. I sit on the brink of the end of my time here at the Gymnasium, and there are a number of things that I will miss dearly. I guess I will just have to list them as the fol lowing: 1. I will miss the barrage of wide eyed stares I receive from the students who think I am an alien. 2. I will miss the amazing coffee machine that does everything from hot chocolate to a damn good latte macchiato. 3. I will miss the stunning beauty of the sun creeping over the steeple of the church as I arrive at school. 4. I will miss the crystal flakes of snow that fall lightly to coat the streets and towns like a silken blanket. 5. I will miss the warm Guten Morgen of the teachers as they stroll into the lounge. 6. I will miss the 5 hour super lectures on the biology of DNA and chemistry of petroleum. 7. I will miss the puzzled looks of the students and, even better, the horrified looks the victims I call to the board. 8. I will miss bright smiles of Mr. Brunner and his yellow turtlenecks that match his car. 9. I will miss my distillation experiments and lighting stuff on fire. 10. I will miss stories of Ms. Schoenbrunner (she has quite a few brilliant ones about police officers in the States) 11. I will miss the exchanges with Hanz (the Foodmiester), seeing pictures of his fishing trips, and his hearty handshakes. 12. I will miss the sizzling schnitzel semmel and flavorful Bavarian lunches. 13. I will miss watching American football with a true fan, Mr. Vogel 14. I will miss teaching swimming for my wonderful group of athletes 15. I will miss the people This last one, number 15, is possibly the most important thing I will miss. Its the people that you meet that make the wealth of life. Its this group of teachers and students that make Gymnasium Untergriesbach such an amazing place. Unmatched hospitality, charity, and understanding. Infinite patience and great humor. I will never be able to forget this community that has given me so much. The list from above goes on and on. I am just not able to remember it all and I dont really want to bore you (my readers) with the great things that will never be experienced the way I experienced them. I am so thankful to be in Gymnasium Untergriesbach, and this is the only day that I havent been able to smile through every minute because it is the bitter end of a remarkable journey. Although this is not the end of my trip in Germany, it feels like the end of a wonderful chapter of my life. Gymnasium Untergriesbach, I have one last thing to say before I leaveIn the words of the Governator Arnold S chwarzenegger, ILL BE BACK. And, of course, thanks to the MISTI Germany Program for making it all possible.

Market Share Essay Example For Free At Magic Help - Free Essay Example

The objective of this essay is to examine the current marketing strategy and marketing activities of one of the big 4 supermarkets in the United Kingdom with particular reference to the adverse effect produced by low cost competitors entering the market. For this purpose, Tesco has been selected. Tesco represents one of Britains largest and most profitable supermarket, which overtook ASDA in 1995 and continued to increase its market share through the years (Corporate Watch, 2004; Ruddick, 2015). In addition, Tesco was the first supermarket to (1) introduce value lines and cost effective price range of its own-label products and (2) present the first company loyalty card on the market (Corporate Watch, 2004). Therefore, it becomes plausible to suggest that the company is an excellent choice for a marketing strategy analysis in the current declining grocery retail environment of British brands. The structure of this essay is as follows: (1) a brief overview of Tescos generic marketing strategy, (2) an in-depth evaluation of the supermarkets existent marketing actions and tactics with the aid of the its marketing mix, (3) the impact of low cost competitors, (4) recommendations and suggestions for improvement, and (5) a summary of the main findings. The supermarkets broad market strategy can be categorised as market penetration and cost leadership. Firstly, market penetration has been defined by Ansoff (1957) to explain one of four business growth strategies. The strategy ref ers to involves attracting new customers, often achieved by gaining competitors customer base(s), in order to increase sales. Furthermore, Farris et al. (2010) identify two important metrics of market penetration penetration rate and penetration share. On the one hand, the penetration rate refers to the proportion of the relevant study population that has purchased the examined product category. On the other hand, the comparison between the brands customer shares with the markets overall customer population relates to penetration share. In relation to this, a key aspect in Tescos market strategy is attracting competitors customers (e.g. ASDA, Sainsbury, Morrisons), which is evidenced by its increased market penetration rate and share from 7.2% in 1971 to its peak in 2007 when Tesco accounted for 31.1% of the total UK grocery market share (Economics Help, 2014). In addition, according to data from March the current market share of Tesco is 28.7%, which positions the company as a mar ket share leader in the British groceries industry, however, this figure has decreased from the previous financial years (Kantar, 2015). Secondly, before the introduction of discount supermarkets, the company focused on cost leadership, which represents one of the three generic strategies devised by Porter (1980). Cost leadership relates to increasing ones market share through attracting price sensitive customers and implementing an effective price strategy that enables the company to offer the lowest cost product offerings. Tesco successfully managed to maintain cost leadership through three actions before supermarkets like Aldi and Lidl entered the British grocery retail market. These actions were as follow: (1) high utilisation of assets, meaning that large outputs are produced and the fixed costs are spread over high quantities allowing the company to manufacture single units at lower costs; (2) minimal direct and indirect costs in the production and distribution stages; and (3) strict control over the supply chain to ensure low costs (Gamble et al., 2010). Thus, the cost leadership strategy was an appropriate approach for Tesco, because it represents a large company that is able to take advantage of the economies of scale in the market. Nevertheless, presently the company is unsuccessful in maintaining its cost leadership due to the strong presence of budget supermarkets. The following part of the essay will specifically focus on the Marketing mix of Tesco product, place, price, promotion, which provides a better understanding of the companys present marketing strategy. Firstly, Tesco offers its target segments a wide range of high quality products at affordable prices. The balance between affordability and quality as well as Tescos Clubcard helped the company attain a relatively high level of competitive advantage (Winterman, 2013). Some of its various product categories consist of food, consumer electronics, financial services and clothing. This is in consistency with the findings from a study on customer perceived value, where four separate dimensions emerged explaining customer attitudes and behaviours emotional, social, quality and value for money (Sweeney and Soutar, 2001). Similarly, FernÃÆ' ¡ndez and Iniesta-Bonillo (2007) found that customers evaluate relevant benefits and costs involved in a purchase based on economic and cognitive reasoning. Secondly, the place element of the marketing mix refers to the distribution of products in locations where customers purchase products and services. In relation to this, Tesco emphasises product and service distribution in two main locations online and offline. On the one hand, the online sales channel is directly linked to Tescos website Tesco Direct, which suits the specific needs of the online shoppers presenting them with various delivery options (Tesco Direct, 2015). On the other hand, the offline channel of distribution involves four different store formats Tesc o Express, Tesco Metro, Tesco Compact and Tesco Superstore (Tesco Official website, 2015). Furthermore, Tescos initial pricing strategy can be characterised as price leadership, which represented an oligopolistic business behaviour, where there are a few companies that dominate the market and determine the price range (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). The reason behind this price strategy adoption was the intense competition and other economic and behavioural factors in the British households i.e. cost conscious buyers (Business CafÃÆ' ©, 2009). Nonetheless, the company is no longer a price leader, but its pricing approach is still based on the marketing message Every Little Helps. In addition, Tesco is able to implement this strategy and remain to influence the retail market to a certain extent, because it evaluates and utilises the lowest cost materials for supply to achieve higher efficiency rates in the production processes. Fourthly, Tescos promotion comprises of a wide ra nge of media advertisements, regular announcements of promotions and discounts, point-of-sale marketing tactics, and sponsorships. These marketing activities are aligned with the companys generic strategy of cost leadership and support Tescos price advantage through profit maximisation in the long run as well as enhance the value of the brand. Hence, Tescos marketing communications are integrated to enable the company to better coordinate its mission, vision, objectives and interactivity with customers. With the aid of information technology advances (Zabkar et al., 2015). Integrated Marketing Communications were also found to generate a synergy effect through the integration of marketing activities, which also tremendously influences customers through different channels of communications reinforcing the same message (Ewing et al. 2015) Tesco has successfully managed to build loyalty in its customer segments through its most effective customer loyalty mechanism the Tesco Clubcard ( Tesco Clubcard, 2015). In relation to this, Hallowell (1996) found a direct correlation between customer satisfaction, loyalty and company profitability. Likewise, Lee-Kelley et al. (2003) suggest that customer retention tools not only aim to increase the companys profitability, but also establish long term relationships between sellers and buyers, which are fundamental to customer loyalty and also result in decreased levels of price sensitivity. Tescos marketing strategy, which comprises of cost leadership and market penetration, has been increasingly impacted by the presence of the foreign grocery store chains Aldi and Lidl as well as food commodity prices and the outcome of this has been continuous price cuts by Tesco to meet the customer demand for low cost product offerings (Butler and Wood, 2014). Furthermore, the authors suggest that further intensification of the market dynamics is caused by the growth of high street convenience stores and the rise of discounters (e.g. Po undland and BM), which is directly correlated to the altered consumer behaviour habits during the recession. In addition, business analysis of the current grocery retail market conditions suggest that Aldi and Lidls combined market share will increase to 12%-15% by 2020 (Allison, 2015). Nevertheless, according to a press release by KPMG (2014), it will be difficult for discount brands to fully challenge and erode the market of the big four, because grocery retail chains like Tesco command the store network market penetration and their market shares have existed for nearly 10 years. In relation to Tescos marketing mix and the intense price competition and dynamics in the market, two main recommendations can be made for Tesco to regain its lost market ground increased customer retention and an optimisation of its supply chain management to successfully recover its price leadership status. Due to the current intense competitiveness in the retail and food industry and the emergence of competitively low cost foreign supermarket chains, Tesco should firstly focus on increased levels of customer retention through the incorporation of effective customer relationship management systems. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of customer satisfaction in relationship marketing and customer retention. Specifically, Hennig-Thurau and Klee (1998) conceptualise relationship quality which refers to the extent of appropriateness of a relationship to fulfil the needs and requirements of a customer with regards to the relationship. One way to do this is further integrate the Tesco Clubcard to present loyal customers with various financial product offerings besides current accounts, mortgages and home insurance (Tesco Clubcard Perks, 2015). This will form relationships based on two factors quality and value-for-money, which will translate into loyalty and protect the company from switching customers. In order to adequately target and foster loyalty in the right cu stomer base(s), Tesco should understand which customer satisfaction elements have the greatest impact, and the amount of investments required to improve particular customer satisfaction elements (Rust and Zahorik, 1993). The second recommendation for marketing strategy enhancement is directly related to Tescos supply chain management, which will enable the company to regain its lost market share through becoming a cost leader. Fearne (2009) suggests that in the current business context, companies must pursue a value chain as opposed to a supply chain, which represents a chain of activities performed, in order to deliver valuable products and services to customers. There are two elements that are emphasised in value chains: (1) focus on demand pull, which places customers first and everything else subordinate to their needs and (2) concentration on the formation of collaborative relationships with suppliers. According to the author, these two actions enable corporations and large organisations to achieve competitive edge and sustain it over time. For Tesco this would mean careful selection of suppliers and establishment of collaboration opportunities with these suppliers and stakeholders to increase the value added to the processes and/or production. For example, in Wales the company can form relationships with local farms to purchase the highest quality meat and, once supplier loyalty takes place, discount prices can be demanded from the meat producers in exchange for continuous bulk buying. This will allow Tesco to present its customers with quality local meat at low prices, which will positively influence its lost cost leadership presence in the market. To conclude, the present work established that Tescos generic marketing strategy is dual regular market penetration to attract competitions customers and cost leadership to retain price sensitive and cost conscious customers. In terms of its extended marketing mix, notable actions are: (1) offering a w ide range of product categories, from which groceries remain the most popular category, tremendously contributing to the Tescos market leadership position, (2) alignment of marketing messages, communication and relative pricing, (3) various marketing and advertising activities, but the integral one remaining the loyalty card, and (4) simplicity and convenience with regards to shopping alternatives and store design. Following the discussion of Tescos extended marketing mix, two areas for improvement were recommended an increased emphasis on customer retention and loyalty through novel customer relationship management mechanisms and the development of a supply chain that adds value to the manufacturing processes through collaborative relationships. It is important that Tesco understands its customers needs and suppliers requirements, because the competition in the grocery retail industry has never been more severe due to business environments being dictated by the customers and the s uppliers. In other words, market orientation is no longer dominated by supply push exchanges and transactions, but by devising marketing strategies and promotions based on customer research and feedback. References Allison, I. (2015), Aldi and Lidl to consume 4% more of Tesco, Morrison, Asda and Sainsburys marketshare by 2020, [Online], Available at: https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/aldi-lidl-consume-4-more-tesco-morrison-asda-sainsburys-marketshare-by-2020-1505572?bcsi_scan_F872AB84FAA8A40E=3KZ+wD5+BA0QaUGyNZBt2R7iyyFnAAAAAe/zaw== Ansoff, I. H. (1957), Strategies for diversification, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 35, No. 2, p. 113-124. Business CafÃÆ' © (2009), Tesco pricing strategy The big price drop, [Online], Available at: https://www.tutor2u.net/assets/cafe/1011-tescopricing.pdf Butler, S. and Wood, Z. (2014), UK grocery sales in decline for first time in 20 years, [Online], Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/nov/18/uk-grocery-sales-decline-price-war-asda-sainsburys-morrisons-tesco Corporate Watch, (2004), Tesco: Overview, [Online], Available at: https://www.corporatewatch.org.uk/company-profiles/tesco-overview Economics Help (2014), UK Grocery Market Sh are, [Online], Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/6288/economics/uk-grocery-market-share/ Ewing, M., deBussy, N. and Ramaseshan, B. (2015), Integrated Marketing Communications: Conflicts of Interest, Politics and Performance, Proceedings of the 1998 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, pp. 265-272. Farris, P., Bendle, N., Pfeifer, P. and Reibstein, D. 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